Author Guidelines
The paper should be submitted in one column format with at least 4cm margins and 1.5 line spacing throughout. Authors are advised to use Times New Roman 12-point font and MS Word format.
1. Manuscript Structure
Manuscripts in general should be organised in the following order:
Page 1: Running title
This page should only contain the running title of your paper. The running title is an abbreviated title used as the running head on every page of the manuscript. The running title should not exceed 60 characters, counting letters and spaces.
Page 2: Author(s) and Corresponding author information.
This page should contain the full title of your paper not exceeding 25 words, with name(s) of all the authors, institutions and corresponding author's name, institution and full address (Street address, telephone number (including extension), hand phone number, and e-mail address) for editorial correspondence. First and corresponding authors must be clearly indicated.
The names of the authors may be abbreviated following the international naming convention. e.g. Salleh, A.B.1, Tan, S.G2*., and Sapuan, S.M3.
Authors' addresses. Multiple authors with different addresses must indicate their respective addresses separately by superscript numbers:
George Swan1 and Nayan Kanwal2
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA., 2Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (R&I), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
A list of number of black and white / colour figures and tables should also be indicated on this page. Figures submitted in color will be printed in colour. See "5. Figures & Photographs" for details.
Page 3: Abstract
This page should repeat the full title of your paper with only the Abstract (the abstract should be less than 250 words for a Regular Paper and up to 100 words for a Short Communication), and Keywords.
Keywords: Not more than eight keywords in alphabetical order must be provided to describe the contents of the manuscript.
Page 4: Introduction
This page should begin with the Introduction of your article and followed by the rest of your paper.
2. Text
Regular Papers should be prepared with the headings Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgements, References, and Supplementary data (if avavailble) in this order.
3. Equations and Formulae
These must be set up clearly and should be typed double spaced. Numbers identifying equations should be in square brackets and placed on the right margin of the text.
4. Tables
All tables should be prepared in a form consistent with recent issues of Pertanika and should be numbered consecutively with Roman numerals. Explanatory material should be given in the table legends and footnotes. Each table should be prepared on a new page, embedded in the manuscript.
When a manuscript is submitted for publication, tables must also be submitted separately as data - .doc, .rtf, Excel or PowerPoint files- because tables submitted as image data cannot be edited for publication and are usually in low-resolution.
5. Figures & Photographs
Submit an original figure or photograph. Line drawings must be clear, with high black and white contrast. Each figure or photograph should be prepared on a new page, embedded in the manuscript for reviewing to keep the file of the manuscript under 5 MB. These should be numbered consecutively with Roman numerals.
Figures or photographs must also be submitted separately as TIFF, JPEG, or Excel files- because figures or photographs submitted in low-resolution embedded in the manuscript cannot be accepted for publication. For electronic figures, create your figures using applications that are capable of preparing high resolution TIFF files. In general, we require 300 dpi or higher resolution for coloured and half-tone artwork, and 1200 dpi or higher for line drawings are required.
Failure to comply with these specifications will require new figures and delay in publication.
NOTE: Illustrations may be produced in colour at no extra cost at the discretion of the Publisher; the author could be charged Malaysian Ringgit 50 for each colour page.
General rules on Figures and Tables
- All Figures and Tables should be numbered sequentially (e.g. Table 1, Table 2 etc.) and cite each one in your writing as Table 1 or Figure 1.
- All tables should be referenced in the text of the paper and in the reference list.
- Each table should have an individual title. Each word in the title should be italicized and capitalized except with, of, in, and, etc.
6. References
References begin on their own page and are listed in alphabetical order by the first author's last name. Only references cited within the text should be included. Ensure that in-text (Citation) references are quoted as per the APA in-text citation style. All references should be in 12-point font and double-spaced.
NOTE: When formatting your references, please follow the APA reference style (6th Edition). Ensure that the references are strictly in the journal’s prescribed style, failing which your article will not be accepted for peer-review. You may refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for further details (http://www.apastyle.org/).
7. General Guidelines
Abbreviations: Define alphabetically, other than abbreviations that can be used without definition. Words or phrases that are abbreviated in the introduction and following text should be written out in full the first time that they appear in the text, with each abbreviated form in parenthesis. Include the common name or scientific name, or both, of animal and plant materials.
Acknowledgements: Individuals and entities that have provided essential support such as research grants and fellowships and other sources of funding should be acknowledged. Contributions that do not involve researching (clerical assistance or personal acknowledgements) should not appear in acknowledgements.
Authors’ Affiliation: The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where the majority of their work was done. If an author has subsequently moved to another institution, the current address may also be stated in the footer.
Co-Authors: The commonly accepted guideline for authorship is that one must have substantially contributed to the development of the paper and share accountability for the results. Researchers should decide who will be an author and what order they will be listed depending upon their order of importance to the study. Other contributions should be cited in the manuscript's Acknowledgements.
Copyright: Authors publishing the Journal will be asked to sign a copyright form. In signing the form, it is assumed that authors have obtained permission to use any copyrighted or previously published material. All authors must read and agree to the conditions outlined in the form, and must sign the form or agree that the corresponding author can sign on their behalf. Articles cannot be published until a signed form (original pen-to-paper signature) has been received.
Copyright Permissions: Authors should seek necessary permissions for quotations, artwork, boxes or tables taken from other publications or from other freely available sources on the Internet before submission to Pertanika. Acknowledgement must be given to the original source in the illustration legend, in a table footnote, or at the end of the quotation.
Footnotes: Current addresses of authors if different from heading may be inserted here.
Page Numbering: Every page of the manuscript, including the title page, references, tables, etc. should be numbered.
Spelling: The journal uses American or British spelling and authors may follow the latest edition of the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary for British spellings.
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